Salt Mine Praid
A SHORT PRESENTATION OF THE SALT MINE FROM PRAID
The commune Praid is one of the most important localities from the "Salt Zone" and of the county of Harghita.The commune lies in the eastern part of the Transilvanian basin, at the southern feet of the Gheorgheni Mountains, in the upper valley of the Tarnava Mica river. The commune Praid is made up of five localities: Praid, Ocna de Sus, Ocna de Jos, Bucin and Becas. Its inhabitants reached the number of 7043 in 1992. The 13A and 13B national roads pass through the centre of the commune. Sovata spa is at 8 km from the commune, Tg. Mures at 62 km, Odorheiu Secuiesc at 38 km and Gheorgheni at 51 km. The railwaz connects Sovata-Tarnaveni-Blaj.
Mining abnd the processing of salt have determined the history of this locality since the Middle Ages. The salt mine from Praid is one of the most important salt maines of the Transylvanian Plateau. The salt hill (Dealul Sarii, 567 m) from Praid is a geological curiosity: inside this elliptic massive of salt of about 2000m thickness there can be found 3 billion tons of salt.
This salt reserve represents a priceless fortune for many hundreds of years. On the surface of the salt one can notice karst phenomena specific for salt.
The first written recordings of the locality date back to the year 1567, but the settlement is much older. There are proofs that the locality waas already dwelt in the Roman period. In the 2nd century AD the Romans exploited the salt. In the Middle Ages, in the 1200's, the Praid mine belonged administratively to the Office of salt from Turda. This fact is proved by one of the letters of the Andras III. The development of the locality is tightly connected to the exploit and trading of the salt. The free exploitation right of the Szeklers was practised until 1562.
The Prince Ioan Sigismund II introduced the use of fisc, so the "Szekler salt", which was allowed to be exploited freely three times a year became the property of the state. In 1762, under the leadership of the Austrian engineer Frendl, the Jozsef mine was opened, which had the shape of a bell, and in which the first elevator drawn by horses was installed, called the "horse lift".
The systematic mining was established after the year 1787, when the mine from Praid became the property of the Treasury from Vienna. Two side rooms were opened from the "Jozsef" mine: the "Karoly" and the "Ferdinand" mines, at a depth of 66 m, which also had a pointed shape. The "Parralel mine" of almost 100 m length was opened in 1864, at a depth of 96 m. In 1898 the "Erzsebet" mine was opened. In the 19th century the mine assured a decent income for 100-110 families. The establishing of the Blaj-Sovata-Praid railway and of the narrow railway Praid-Sovata-Miercurea Nirajului-Tg.Mures facilitated the transport of the salt, which was handled by carts until then.
After 1945 they introduced the explosion technique for salt extraction. Between 1947 and 1949 the "Gheorghe Doja" mine was opened and in 1978, new mines were opened at a depth of 40 m under the old ones. The deepest mine can be found at a depth of 320 m from the entrance level. The "Telegdy" mine has been producing salt since 1994. The Canadian method is applied here ("small rooms and square pillars of 14x14m). The salt products are the following: common industrial salt, small common salt for pickles, briquette salt, salt pastilles, therapy sulph-iodine bath salt. Today, the salt mine, besides the exploitation of salt, is the place of medical treatment. The underground basisi (level 50) can be found at a depth of 120 m from the surface. The treatment consists of the inhalation of the air from the mine for 4 hours daily, this being very useful for the diseases of the respiratory apparatus (
asthma, bronchitis, and allergy). The visitors are transported by bus on a distance of 1250 m.
The ecumenical Chapel was consecrated in 1993.
At the surface, in the open, during the summer an open-air swimming pool with salty water and a warm indoor bath function. The salt water with iodine has a physical and psychical calming, relaxing effect.
Other touristic objectives are: the village museum (ustensils, tools used for the exploitation and transport of salt, objects of folk art), the memorial house of the poet Aprily lajos, churches. Not far from Praid there is the fortress "Rapsone". Trips to Sovata, Bucin (1287m), Corund, Lupeni, Odorheiu Secuiesc may be organized.
The localities with which Praid has connections are: Walferdange (Luxemburg, din anul 1992), Bodony (1994), Somogyjad (1995), Kornye (1997), Nadasd (with Ocna de Jos, 1990).
The first research documents about Praid have been written by Orban Balazs, and he published the result of these studies in the: "A Szekelyfold Leirasa" published in 1868.
In 1945 Mihailescu V. writes a geological study about Praid and publishes in "Tara Praidului".
The following year - in 1946 Martiniuc C. is the one writing about this region.
Tovissi J. describes it from the geological point of view in 1958.
In 1961 Popa Gh. brings his contribution to these studies.
Mac I. writes about the region in his PHD study, in 1970, published in 1972: "Subcarpatii Transilvaniei dintre Mures si Olt".
Vofkori L. in 1979 presents an ecological approach abou Praid and its surroundings.
Source: http://
www.salinapraid.ro22.08.2007. 10:59